Synthesis of π-conjugated polycyclic compounds by late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments

• Aissam Okba,
• Pablo Simón Marqués,
• Kyohei Matsuo,
• Naoki Aratani,
• Hiroko Yamada,
• Gwénaël Rapenne and
• Claire Kammerer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 287–305, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.30

• obtained in 89% yield on a ≈10 mg scale from its sulfoxide precursor 4a. In anticipation of device fabrication, activation methods which do not require the addition of chemical reagents were next tested. Thermally-induced S-extrusion was first investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis: the

• series of thiepines 3a–d could finally be smoothly oxidized to give the corresponding sulfoxides 4a–d in high yields. Thermogravimetric analysis of these thiepine S-oxides interestingly revealed that the temperature required for SO-extrusion is almost independent of the nature of the imide substituents

• conformation of the thiepine ring, thus weakening the π–π stacking intermolecular interactions. Finally, solid-state S-extrusion could be triggered in a controlled way upon thermal activation of 21, as observed in thermogravimetric analysis, with the loss of sulfur detected at 223 °C to yield the planar S

Preparing a liquid crystalline dispersion of carbon nanotubes with high aspect ratio

• Keiko Kojima,
• Nodoka Kosugi,
• Hirokuni Jintoku,
• Kazufumi Kobashi and
• Toshiya Okazaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 52–58, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.7

• acetone using a bath-type sonicator and were put onto a copper grid with carbon mesh. To perform thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a TG/DTA7300 instrument from SII Nano Technology Inc. was utilized. The DWCNT powder was preheated at 180 °C for ten minutes under vacuum and subsequently measured under

Aromatic systems with two and three pyridine-2,6-dicarbazolyl-3,5-dicarbonitrile fragments as electron-transporting organic semiconductors exhibiting long-lived emissions

• Karolis Leitonas,
• Brigita Vigante,
• Dmytro Volyniuk,
• Audrius Bucinskas,
• Pavels Dimitrijevs,
• Sindija Lapcinska,
• Pavel Arsenyan and
• Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1867–1880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.139

• , 126.80, 125.76, 124.23, 116.61, 114.09, 112.40, 99.15, 90.69, 34.93, 31.83; Anal. calcd for C171H159N15: C, 84.72; H, 6.61; N, 8.67; found: C, 84.54; H, 6.60; N, 8.55. Measurements In this experimental investigation, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were

• film of compound 8 showed a more than twice lower PLQY which was enhanced using the mCP host. The other compounds showed similar PLQY trends (Table 1). Thermal properties The thermal stability and phase transitions of the synthesized derivatives 6–9 were investigated utilizing thermogravimetric

• analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The experimental data are shown in Figure 5 and the characteristics are collected in Table 1. An amorphous character of the derivatives was identified. No endothermic (melting) or exothermic (crystallization) transitions were

A deep-red fluorophore based on naphthothiadiazole as emitter with hybridized local and charge transfer and ambipolar transporting properties for electroluminescent devices

• Suangsiri Arunlimsawat,
• Patteera Funchien,
• Pongsakorn Chasing,
• Atthapon Saenubol,
• Taweesak Sudyoadsuk and
• Vinich Promarak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1664–1676, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.122

• intermolecular steric interaction [53]. The weak AIE characteristic of TPECNz in the aggregate state could be attributed to the competition between the twisted ICT and AIE properties in the molecule [57][58]. The thermal properties of TPECNz were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential

• , and Ag/AgCl) in dry CH2Cl2 containing 0.1 M n-Bu4NPF6 as a supporting electrolyte under argon. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were recorded using a Rigaku STA8122 thermogravimetric analyzer and a PerkinElmer DSC 8500 Lab System, respectively. Melting

Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence material with strained benzoguanidine donor

• Alexander C. Brannan,
• Elvie F. P. Beaumont,
• Nguyen Le Phuoc,
• George F. S. Whitehead,
• Mikko Linnolahti and
• Alexander S. Romanov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1289–1298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.95

• identical molecular peak ion and C, H, N values within acceptable deviation of 0.4%. The decomposition temperature (Td, corresponds to 5% weight loss) was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicating excellent thermal stability for 4BGIPN with Td = 425 °C, which is similar to the benchmark

• measurements were performed at ambient temperature under an inert N2 atmosphere in THF containing the complex under study (0.14 mM) and the supporting electrolyte [n-Bu4N][PF6] (0.13 mM). Data were recorded with Autolab NOVA software (v. 1.11). Thermogravimetric analysis was performed by the Microanalysis

The effect of dark states on the intersystem crossing and thermally activated delayed fluorescence of naphthalimide-phenothiazine dyads

• Liyuan Cao,
• Xi Liu,
• Xue Zhang,
• Jianzhang Zhao,
• Fabiao Yu and
• Yan Wan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1028–1046, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.79

• of TADF emitters is very important for the application in OLED devices. Therefore, the compounds were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the results are shown in Figure 6 and Figure S34 in Supporting Information File 1. The thermal decomposition temperature (temperature at 5

• an approximate 3LE state. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the thermal decomposition temperature of these compounds is higher than 360 °C, and the thermal stability is excellent. From the above studies, TADF properties of such compounds can be studied with conventional spectroscopic

• ; NI-PTZ-C5-O in deaerated ACN. Ferrocene (Fc) was used as internal reference (set as 0 V in the cyclic voltammograms), 0.10 M Bu4NPF6 as supporting electrolyte, scan rates: 100 mV/s, c = 1.0 × 10−3 M, 20 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis curves of NI-PTZ-F, NI-PTZ-Ph, NI-PTZ-CH3, NI-PTZ-OCH3, NI-PTZ-F-O

CO₂ complexation with cyclodextrins

• Cecilie Høgfeldt Jessen,
• Jesper Bendix,
• Theis Brock Nannestad,
• Heloisa Bordallo,
• Martin Jæger Pedersen,
• Christian Marcus Pedersen and
• Mikael Bols

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1021–1027, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.78

• get more information about the CO2 content in the crystal samples we also analyzed the crystals by thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal samples where heated to 26–200 °C at different rates and weight loss observed while the gas release was monitored by IR spectroscopy. Two distinguished weight

Investigation of cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazolines in the “green” solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone

• Solomiia Borova and
• Robert Luxenhofer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 217–230, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.21

• technique (0.5–1.5 µL). Samples (1 g/L) were dissolved in MeOH (supplemented with 1.0% TFA). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the resulting polymers was run on a TG 209F1 IRIS (NETZSCH, Selb, Germany). The samples (5–10 mg) were placed into aluminum oxide crucibles (NETZSCH, Selb, Germany) and heated

Inclusion complexes of the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol and progesterone with β- and γ-cyclodextrin hosts: syntheses, X-ray structures, thermal analyses and API solubility enhancements

• Alexios I. Vicatos,
• Zakiena Hoossen and
• Mino R. Caira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1749–1762, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.184

• images were viewed with the Soft Imaging Program AnalySIS [49]. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): TGA analyses were performed on the TA-Q500 (Texas Instruments) with Universal Analysis 2000 software. Sample preparation involved rapidly removing the crystals from their mother liquor and subsequently

Comparative study of thermally activated delayed fluorescent properties of donor–acceptor and donor–acceptor–donor architectures based on phenoxazine and dibenzo[a,j]phenazine

• Saika Izumi,
• Prasannamani Govindharaj,
• Anna Drewniak,
• Paola Zimmermann Crocomo,
• Satoshi Minakata,
• Leonardo Evaristo de Sousa,
• Piotr de Silva,
• Przemyslaw Data and
• Youhei Takeda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 459–468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.48

• of the DBPHZ-cored D–A type emitter, the degradation temperature Td (5 wt % loss) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which showed a high Td (5 wt % loss under N2 atmosphere) of compound 1 (342 °C) (Figure S4a in Supporting Information File 1), which is high enough for a thermal

In-depth characterization of self-healing polymers based on π–π interactions

• Josefine Meurer,
• Julian Hniopek,
• Johannes Ahner,
• Michael Schmitt,
• Jürgen Popp,
• Stefan Zechel,
• Kalina Peneva and
• Martin D. Hager

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2496–2504, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.166

• differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA revealed a high thermal stability up to a temperature of 370 °C (for curves see Supporting Information File 1). The temperature was determined at a residual mass of 95%. The DSC on the other hand indicates several thermal

Chemical syntheses and salient features of azulene-containing homo- and copolymers

• Vijayendra S. Shetti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2164–2185, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.139

• peak around 690 nm supporting the oligomeric nature of the soluble fraction. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) showed that PAZ-I2 was thermally more stable than PAZ-Br2. The electrical conductivity of PAZ-Br2 (5 × 10−3 S/cm) was far too superior compared to PAZ-I2 (10−6 S/cm). In 1997, Kihara

Photoinduced post-modification of graphitic carbon nitride-embedded hydrogels: synthesis of 'hydrophobic hydrogels' and pore substructuring

• Cansu Esen and
• Baris Kumru

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1323–1334, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.92

• initial substrate. Regarding this, thermogravimetric analysis results confirmed the enhanced thermal stability for each employed polymer network compared to the initial substrate (Figure 6a). The HGCM curve is indicating the evaporation of entrapped water (up to 150 °C) followed by structural

• Scan spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed via TG 209 Libra from Netzsch under nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate 10 K min−1 using aluminum crucible for samples. Trace analysis of potassium, calcium and magnesium cations were

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of a) HGCM and b) HGCM-vTA in combination with their elemental mapping results via EDX. a) Equilibrium swelling ratios of HG, HGCM, HGCM-vTA at specified time intervals. b) Thermogravimetric analysis of HGCM and HGCM-vTA. c) RhB dye releasing efficiency versus time

Styryl-based new organic chromophores bearing free amino and azomethine groups: synthesis, photophysical, NLO, and thermal properties

• Anka Utama Putra,
• Deniz Çakmaz,
• Nurgül Seferoğlu,
• Alberto Barsella and
• Zeynel Seferoğlu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2282–2296, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.189

• all dyes were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA data showed that all dyes were thermally stable up to 250 °C. Keywords: DFT calculations; NLO; pH sensitive dyes; Schiff base; solvent effect; styryl dyes; Introduction Push-pull organic molecules are a class of organic dyes

• substantial delocalization of charges in this direction (Tables S2 and S3, Supporting Information File 1). Thermal properties The thermal stability is quite important for NLO chromophores when using them in electro-optic materials. Therefore, we conducted a thermogravimetric analysis to understand whether the

• (μβ = 1430 × 10−48 esu and 1950 × 10−48 esu, respectively). Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to understand the thermal stability of the synthesized dyes. In general, all dyes showed good thermal stability up to around 250 °C. In conclusion, the results indicate that the styryl-based new push

Mechanochemical green synthesis of hyper-crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers

• Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo,
• Fabrizio Caldera,
• Marco Zanetti,
• Silvia Lucia Appleton,
• Nilesh Kumar Dhakar and
• Francesco Trotta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1554–1563, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.127

• . The band of interest at around 1750 cm−1 assignable to the carbonyl group of the carbonate bond, was visible in all samples, even after treating for hours in H2O at 40 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis of β-CD-based carbonate nanosponges, obtained through solution (DMF) and mechanochemical (ball mill

• ) synthesis. Conditions: nitrogen flow, ramp rate 10 °C/min, rt to 700 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis of α, β and γ-CD-based carbonate nanosponges, obtained through ball-mill synthesis. Conditions: nitrogen flow, ramp rate 10 °C/min. Adsorption of organic dyes by ball-mill synthesized β-CD-based carbonate

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

• Melanie Iwanow,
• Tobias Gärtner,
• Volker Sieber and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104

• precursor with KOH. They found the formation of K2CO3 during this step, which increases with the pyrolysis temperature and is responsible for the pore development [131]. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): TGA provides information on the weight loss of the starting materials during the heating process due to

Synthesis and properties of quinazoline-based versatile exciplex-forming compounds

• Rasa Keruckiene,
• Simona Vekteryte,
• Ervinas Urbonas,
• Matas Guzauskas,
• Eigirdas Skuodis,
• Dmytro Volyniuk and
• Juozas V. Grazulevicius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1142–1153, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.101

• mass spectrometry. All compounds 1–3 were obtained as crystalline substances. The thermal characteristics were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). During the first DSC heating scan (Figure 1a–c), melting signals of compounds 1–3 were detected in

• . Phosphorescence spectra were recorded at 77 K. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were carried out using a TA Instruments Q2000 thermosystem. The samples were examined at a heating/cooling rate of 10 °C/min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed with a TA

The charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded organic framework (CAHOF) self-assembled from the conjugated acid of tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane and 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonate as a new class of recyclable Brønsted acid catalysts

• Svetlana A. Kuznetsova,
• Alexander S. Gak,
• Yulia V. Nelyubina,
• Vladimir A. Larionov,
• Han Li,
• Michael North,
• Vladimir P. Zhereb,
• Alexander F. Smol'yakov,
• Artem O. Dmitrienko,
• Michael G. Medvedev,
• Igor S. Gerasimov,
• Ashot S. Saghyan and
• Yuri N. Belokon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1124–1134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.99

• crystals were a typical druse setup. Type 2 were well-formed, nonisotropic crystals with two parallel planes in varying sizes (0.3 × 0.4 × 1 mm). The thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) of F-1 was conducted to examine its thermal properties. The TGA curve of the bulk

Synthesis of novel multifunctional carbazole-based molecules and their thermal, electrochemical and optical properties

• Nuray Altinolcek,
• Ahmet Battal,
• Mustafa Tavasli,
• William J. Peveler,
• Holly A. Yu and
• Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1066–1074, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.93

• spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, and absorption and emission spectroscopy. Compounds 7a and 7b, both of which were amorphous solids, were stable up to 291 °C and 307 °C, respectively. Compounds 7a and 7b show three

• 602E electrochemical workstation with iR compensation using dry dichloromethane. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted using a Netzsch TG 209 F3 Tarsus Thermogravimetric Analyser under a constant flow of nitrogen. Differential scanning calorimetry was determined on a Netzsch DSC 214 Polyma

Aryl-substituted acridanes as hosts for TADF-based OLEDs

• Naveen Masimukku,
• Dalius Gudeika,
• Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi,
• Ihor Syvorotka,
• Rasa Keruckiene,
• Dmytro Volyniuk and
• Juozas V. Grazulevicius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 989–1000, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.88

• -9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (1) was synthesized according to the reported procedure [28]. Instrumentation Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements, and acquisition of mass (MS), infrared (IR), and elemental spectra were carried out as described

Thermal stability of N-heterocycle-stabilized iodanes – a systematic investigation

• Andreas Boelke,
• Yulia A. Vlasenko,
• Mekhman S. Yusubov,
• Boris J. Nachtsheim and
• Pavel S. Postnikov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2311–2318, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.223

• Federation Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjoc.15.223 Abstract The thermal stability of pseudocyclic and cyclic N-heterocycle-stabilized (hydroxy)aryl- and mesityl(aryl)-λ3-iodanes (NHIs) through thermogravimetric analysis

• high N/C-ratio might result in potential hazardous high energy materials, we herein investigated their thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results and Discussion We started our experiments with the preparation of appropriate λ3-iodanes

• ). Cyclic triazole 17 has a significantly higher Tpeak but also a higher ΔHdec compared to the corresponding pseudocycle 2 (134.5 kJ/mol vs 116.3 kJ/mol). Besides pseudocyclic and cyclic hydroxy(aryl)-λ3-iodanes, mesityl(phenyl)- λ3-iodanes 18–33 were systematically investigated by thermogravimetric

N-doped carbon dots covalently functionalized with pillar[5]arenes for Fe³⁺ sensing

• Jia Gao,
• Ming-Xue Wu,
• Dihua Dai,
• Zhi Cai,
• Yue Wang,
• Wenhui Fang,
• Yan Wang and
• Ying-Wei Yang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1262–1267, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.123

• confirming the successful synthesis of CCDs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, Figure 1f) revealed that the weight loss at 200 °C was due to the pyrolysis of the amino and oxygen groups on the surface of CN-dots, and upon reaching the temperature of 500 °C, CN-dots began to decompose and 61 wt % of its weight

Mechanochemical synthesis of hyper-crosslinked polymers: influences on their pore structure and adsorption behaviour for organic vapors

• Sven Grätz,
• Sebastian Zink,
• Hanna Kraffczyk,
• Marcus Rose and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1154–1161, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.112

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) images were obtained using a Hitachi SU8020 SEM equipped with a secondary electron (SE) detector. Prior to the measurement the samples were prepared on an adhesive carbon pad and sputtered with gold to obtain the necessary electron conductivity. Thermogravimetric

• analysis (TGA) was performed on a Netzsch STA 409 PC/PG system using alumina crucibles under argon stream with the heating rate of 10 K min−1. The vapor sorption experiments were carried out using a Autosorb iQ from Quantachrome equipped with a vapor source and a heated manifold. Before evaporation the

Easy, efficient and versatile one-pot synthesis of Janus-type-substituted fullerenols

• Marius Kunkel and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 901–905, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.87

• formula of the compound is identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). The degree of polyhydroxylation and the number of substituents is determined and confirmed with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the nature of oxygen moieties as well as the substituents attached are evaluated

Application of olefin metathesis in the synthesis of functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and POSS-containing polymeric materials

• Patrycja Żak and
• Cezary Pietraszuk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 310–332, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.28

• heptacyclopentylnorbornenylethyloctasilsesquioxane and its copolymerization with cyclooctene [43]. The obtained copolymer was subsequently hydrogenated to afford polyethylene–POSS random copolymer (Scheme 21). Thermogravimetric analysis of the polyethylene–POSS copolymers under air showed a significant improvement of the thermal stability relative